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Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of using ozone to disinfect surfaces based on an integrative literature review.Methods: A search was carried out in the SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct databases. Eleven articles published January 2010 to August 2021 were analyzed. All employed the experimental laboratory research model and achieved different levels of disinfection by O3, however, with varied surfaces and products tested, in addition to different methodological procedures.Results: The majority had an inhibition rate by O3 equal to or greater than 90%, thus proving the effectiveness of this agent as a surface disinfectant, even with variations in parameter values such as concentration and exposure time, in all selected articles, even those that did not prove the effectiveness of O3.Conclusion: This review shows the inhibitory power that O3 has on different pathogens, even if there are variables in the factors used for this purpose, highlighting it in front of other disinfectants. Thus, it corroborates the composition of surface disinfection protocols and decision-making among managers and committees about sanitizing technologies.
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The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), since its creation in 1988, has a history of insufficient resources to effectively guarantee universality and comprehensive care. Its underfunding, derived from the lack of support from part of society and neoliberal policies undertaken by various governments in the 1990s and 2000s, turned into effective reduction in real terms of funding resources after the approval of the "expenditure ceiling” in 2016, aggravating the structural system difficulty. The Covid-19 pandemic generated a preeminent need to expand the service capacity of the public health system and, with that, the resources for the SUS were expanded. However, this greater financial availability was the result of extraordinary measures and was restricted to the years 2020 and 2021. The ordinary budget for health in those years and the 2022 LOA demonstrate that the underfunding continues and that the pandemic did not change the lack of priority given to healthcare within the federal budget. © 2023, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Museu de Zoologia. All rights reserved.
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We extend our previous investigation of the effects of prehydrodynamic evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions [38] to smaller systems. We use a state-of-the-art hybrid model for the numerical simulations with optimal parameters obtained from a previous Bayesian study. By studying p-Pb collisions, we find that the effects due to the assumption of a conformal evolution in the prehydrodynamical stage are even more important in small systems. We also show that this effect depends on the time duration of the pre-equilibrium stage, which is further enhanced in small systems. Finally, we show that the recent proposal of a free-streaming with subluminal velocity for the pre-equilibrium stage, thus effectively breaking conformal invariance, can alleviate the contamination of final-state observables. Our study further reinforces the need for moving beyond conformal approaches in pre-equilibrium dynamics modeling, especially when extracting transport coefficients from hybrid models in the high-precision era of heavy-ion collisions.
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Although the potential benefits of management practices have been widely publicized, less is known about how management practices affect resilience in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in emerging economies. In this article, we test a research framework capable of capturing the relationships between management practices and resilience in HEIs in Brazil, in a context of post-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (new normal). Primary survey-based data were collected from HEI managers using a scalar-type questionnaire (Likert). Data Mining, Spearman Correlation and Ordinal Regression techniques were applied. The calculations were developed using R software. The results of our research cover expected and unexpected results and suggest that the adoption of management practices in HEIs pays off in terms of economic and social resilience. Strategic planning and human resources are the most prominent practices. Our findings can be useful for HEIs from emerging economies that share similar characteristics with Brazil. This study is original, fills a gap in the literature and makes contributions to theory and practice: (i) it serves as a guide for managers in the formulation and implementation of management practices;(ii) advances the arguments of the literature on management in HEIs.
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Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic has left a high number of infected and dead in the world, where several social measures have been imposed on the population, especially social isolation. Objective: Given this scenario, based on Vygotsky's socio-historical theory, this original article aimed to identify the meanings of social isolation in the covid-19 pandemic for Brazilian youth. Method: A survey was carried out, with the participation of 571 young Brazilians, women and men aged between 18 and 25, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Method (FWAM), analyzed with the help of IRaMuTeQ. Results: The results showed that virtualized socialization is insufficient for the social demand of young people, as evidenced by the most evoked words in category 1, "Homesickness” (χ² = 55,41);"Boredom” (χ² = 50,06);"Anxiety” (χ² = 42,67);"Loneliness” (χ² = 37,15);"Sadness” (χ² = 32,78). It was also identified that their routine was transformed with the insertion of obligations and leisure primarily in the home environment, demonstrated by the prevalence of words like "House” (χ² = 116,18);"Home Office” (χ² = 26,06);"Movie” (χ² = 26,06);"Mask” (χ² = 24,96);"Alcohol” (χ² = 21,67);"Lockdown” (χ² = 21,67), in category 2. Still, young people brought their resignifications in this period, in the face of collective responsibility, indicated by the choice of words in category 3, such as "Care” (χ² = 84,05);"Responsibility” (χ² = 59,21);"Respect” (χ² = 55,03);"Prevention” (χ² = 52,68);"Empathy” (χ² = 34,06);"Protection” (χ² = 21,99). Conclusions: It is concluded that isolation brought negative consequences on relationships and mental health of young people, but also a greater social awareness. © 2023, Universidad Simon Bolivar. All rights reserved.
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Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are aminoquinolines used in the treatment of endemic diseases in Latin America such as malaria and non-endemic with wide prevalence such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Described as persistent, bioaccumulative, and dangerous for aquatic biota, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are considered emerging pollutants intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, occurring in low concentrations that are not totally removed in wastewater treatment plants and are not covered by legislation. This article presents a theoretical approach based on literature review following a semi-systematic methodology covering detection strategies of the chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine drugs in effluent and receiving water bodies;estimates of environmental concentrations during the pandemic;methods that use degradation and removal of compounds from water;and toxic effects on aquatic biota. Concentrations previously detected and estimated in the aquatic environment can lead to significant changes in animal physiology analyzed from biomarker changes, behavior and mortality in studies with native and non-native species. Studies are necessary to reproduce and understand possible environmental scenarios adopting the indiscriminate use of drugs to serve as standards for environmentally safe concentrations when there is no specific legislation. © 2023, Institute for Environmental Research in Hydrographic Basins (IPABHi). All rights reserved.
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The present study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of an established instrument for assessing students' perception of self-efficacy about their performance in high school physics (Ricardo, 2014), given the importance of such a perception to the success of the teaching and learning process. Measurements of descriptors and distractors were estimated (TRI) from the Item Response Theory and validation tests based on their internal structure were performed. The relevant test results showed that the instrument's division into three original factors was not adequate, reducing them to a single factor. They also showed that a number of items of the instrument had to be removed to improve its adequacy This work shows that Ricardo's instrument can be turned into a strongly validated tool to adequately raise perceptions of self-efficacy of the students. However, due to some contingencies of the application of the instrument, mainly that of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is suggested to carry out further studies that aim to improve even more the psychometric properties of the test. © 2023 The Authors
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Ahstract-The occurrence of seasonal natural phenomena depends on the conditions leading to it and not directly on the progression of time, meaning its context varies across time and space. Examples of this include comparing plant growth, insect development or wildfire risk during the same time period at different locations or in different time periods at the same location. However, visualizing and comparing such phenomena usually implies plotting it across the time axis as it's perceived as temporal data. Since it's not directly dependent of time, identifying patters of recurrence using this technique is inefficient. Because of this, we proposed transforming (when needed) the dependent function to a non-decreasing monotone one, in order to preserve the monotonic property of time progression. Then we used the resulting function as a time axis replacement to achieve an equal ground of comparison between the different contexts in which the phenomenon occurs. We applied this technique to real data from seasonal natural phenomena, such as plant and insect growth, to compare its progression in different temporal and spatial contexts. Since the dependent function of the phenomenon was scientifically known, we were able to directly use the technique to infer its seasonality patterns. Furthermore, we applied the technique to real data from the coronavirus worldwide pandemic by hypothesizing its dependent function and analysing if it was able to reduce the existing temporal misalignment between different contexts, like years and countries. The results achieved were positive, although not as remarkable as when the dependent function was known. © 2022 IEEE.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected virtually every human activity over the past 2 years. This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic interfered with the business processes in Brazil's public vocational and higher education institution. Throughout the pandemic, the Organization forced the enactment of the paper-recorded processes in a virtual implementation. To unveil how the referred paper-recorded processes subset got executed during the pandemic, we conduct a process mining on the company's information system. The process mining data shows various indications of task merging, precluding, and duration modifications. The analysis of 4231 instances of administrative processes between 2019 and 2021 showed a reduction in duration times and the number of tasks. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The global COVID-19 pandemic disrupted face-to-face teaching, having a significant impact on the teaching-learning process. As a result, many students spent less time reading (and learning to read) than they did during face-to-face instruction, requiring the use of alternative approaches of instruction. A combined online and peer tutoring intervention was designed to improve reading skills such as fluency and accuracy. Following a quasi-experimental design, this study sought to evaluated the impact of implementing an online peer tutoring intervention on the development of reading fluency and accuracy in a sample of 91 2nd and 4th graders (49.6% female). Children were aged 6–10 years old (M = 7.81, SD = 1.10) and were enrolled in five classrooms (A, B, C, D, and E) from three schools in the Portuguese district of Porto, between January and May 2021. A set of 10 texts were chosen from official textbooks to assess reading fluency and accuracy. Classes were evaluated in three moments: initial (pre-intervention), intermediate (after 10 sessions) and final (post-test, after other 10 sessions). In order to examine the effects of the intervention, there was a 8-week lag between the start of the intervention in classes A, B, and C (experimental group) and classes D and E (control group). Moreover, classes D and E started intervention with a gap of 5 weeks between them. Students in the experimental group registered significant higher improvements in reading accuracy and fluency than in the control group. Interaction effects revealed that students with an initial lower performance (i.e., at the frustration level) showed higher increases in reading accuracy. Furthermore, 2nd graders showed higher increases throughout the intervention while the 4th graders stablished their progress after the first 10 sessions of intervention. Despite the study's limitations, the findings support the positive impact that online peer tutoring can have on promoting students' reading skills, adding to the ongoing discussion—which has gained a special emphasis with the COVID-19 pandemic—about the development of effective strategies to promote reading abilities in the first years of school. Copyright © 2022 Sanches-Ferreira, Martins, Valquaresma and Alves.
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Background: Physical inactivity of HD patients was aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the imposed lockdown and suspension of ongoing intradialytic exercise program (IDE). To address this, we have developed an online exercise program (OLEP). The aim of this study was to analyze its implementation over a 12-weeks period. Method(s): Implementation study based on retrospective analysis using the REAIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance). OLEP was proposed to 24 HD units previously offering IDE and included live online exercise sessions (3 times/week) led by 2 exercise physiologists via Zoom. For each RE-AIM dimension specific implementation outcomes were adapted to OLEP. Effectiveness measures included safety (adverse events during exercise sessions) and in-clinic physical function tests (sit-to-stand 5 and 30, 8-foot up and go (8UG), handgrip strength and single leg stance) performed at baseline and 12 weeks in a group of OLEP participants and a group of patients who refused to participate. Result(s): OLEP was adopted by 16 units (66.7%). Among 2063 patients of these units, 313 (15.2%) were eligible. Of those, 84 accepted to participate in OLEP (4.1% reach of all patients). Compared to refusals, OLEP participants had higher female proportion (p=0.009), higher education level (p<0.001), lower lean tissue index and handgrip strength (both p<0.001), and completed less steps/day (p=0.008). Maintenance in OLEP over the 12 weeks was 59.5%, i.e., 40.5% drop-out - of which 65% were voluntary. Implementation fidelity (patient's adherence to exercise sessions) was 73.1+/-18.8%, and implementation dose was 2.2+/-0.6 exercise sessions/week. Effectiveness: OLEP participants improved performance in all physical function measures (p<0.05), except in 8UG (p=0.677), whilst refusals did not (p>0.05);no severe adverse events were reported. Conclusion(s): Our data suggests that an OLEP is realistic, safe and may improve physical function. Therefore, its applicability may subsist beyond the pandemic and be used to complement IDE. However, strategies to increase proficiency to use mobile health technology may be needed to reach more patients.
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This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, linked to the project of the Nucleus for the repair of pulmonary ventilators (NRVP). Objective: to report the experiences and reflections of a team of nursing teachers who work in the repair of pulmonary respirators. The reflections contributed to coping with COVID-19, its daily implications. Fostering the creation of a specific training course for the maintenance of hospital equipment is a necessity in force at this time of the pandemic and in the post-pandemic. The strategy developed for the repair and maintenance of pulmonary respirators, in coping with COVID-19 should be configured as a legacy of this period and as a social contribution of those involved in the process. In this way, we can say that the attitude of creating the repair nucleus was constituted as a social action, of volunteering and engagement of the participants that integrate the responses of the teaching and research institutions to the crisis of COVID-19 in Brazil. .
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COVID-19 gave rise to discussions around designing for life during the pandemic, in particular related to health, leisure and education. In 2020, an online survey aimed at university students (N=225) pointed the authors to various challenges related to well-being in terms of studying, socializing, community, and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results shaped the crowdsensing-enabled service design of a mobile application, Tecnico GO!, aimed at supporting students' well-being. Considering the constant changing context caused by the pandemic, we present a study conducted during the academic year 2021-2022 and if/how the App's features continue to respond to student's needs. The evaluation of the App focused on 12 semi-structured interviews and think-aloud protocols. Findings cluster around three themes: a) Supporting the study experience;b) Building a sense of community;c) Improving gamification for better participation. Discussion elaborates on the student's perceptions around well-being during pandemics. Students' insights of the App are overall positive and highlight that crowdsensing-enabled design does contribute to learning, community and safety, but the gamification as currently deployed does not. © 2022 ACM.
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Background: Presenteeism is becoming increasingly prevalent among healthcare workers due to their dedication to patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Countless professionals have carried on working while going through physical, psychological, and emotional changes. Objective: To map the factors inducing presenteeism in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Review method: Scoping review according to the JBI methodology. A search was carried out on databases to find studies published since 2019 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Two authors independently selected the studies and extracted the data. Presentation and interpretation of results: Twelve factors were identified associated in inducing presenteeism in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Healthcare managers should develop strategies for preventing presenteeism and raising the professionals’ awareness. More primary studies are needed on this concept of interest. © 2022, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra. All rights reserved.
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Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a worldwide health crisis. Patients with infammatory arthritis are at higher risk of hospitalization and death by COVID-19 due to comorbidities or immunosuppressive treatments. Vaccination is one the most important strategies to control the pandemic. Objectives: To evaluate the incident cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a multi-centric cohort of infammatory arthritis in Brazil. Methods: BiobadaBrasil is a multicentric registry-based cohort study of Brazilian patients with rheumatic diseases starting their frst bDMARD or tsDMARD (1). The present analysis is a retrospective evaluation of adult patients with infam-matory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis-RA, spondylarthritis-SpA and psoriatic arthritis-PsA) that were alive since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil in February 2020. We evaluated the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection and the adherence to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines schedules, up to January 2022. Results: A total of 300 patients were interviewed and 69 (23.0%) reported con-frmed anti-SARS-CoV infection and 5 (1.7%) had a second infection. Among known infected patients, 18.8% need hospitalization and oxygen support, 7.2% were admitted at ICU, and 5.8% died. After COVID-19 infection, 31.8% reported worsening of disease activity but only 6.1% had modifcation in medication due to disease activity. Distribution of cases followed the pattern of waves observed in Brazil (Figure 1). Regarding vaccination, 285 (95%) reported to have received at least one dose of any anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: 43% received the frst with the adenovirus ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) adenovirus vaccine, 32% received the Sinovac-CoronaVac inactivated vaccine, 22% received the BNT162b2 (Pfzer-BioNtech) mRNA vaccine and 3% received the BNT162b2 (Pfzer-BioNtech) adenovirus vaccine. Almost all (98.1%) of these patients had already received the second dose of vaccine and after the frst and second vaccine doses, 6% and 4% of patients, respectively, reported worsening of articular disease activity, while, after the third dose, no patient reported disease activity worsening. Conclusion: During the pandemics, patients with infammatory arthritis had a pattern of distribution of cases very similar to general population. Adherence to vaccination is high and well tolerated.
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Intracranial cystic lesions are common findings in cerebral imaging and might represent a broad spectrum of conditions. These entities can be divided into nonneoplastic lesions, comprising Rathke cleft cyst, arachnoid cyst, and colloid cyst, as well as neoplastic lesions, including benign and malignant components of neoplasms such as pilocytic astrocytoma, hemangioblastoma, and ganglioglioma. Surgical resection and histological evaluation are currently the most effective methods to classify cysts of the central nervous system. The authors report two uncommon cases presenting as cystic lesions of the encephalic parenchyma-a enterogenous cyst and a glioblastoma-and discuss typical histological findings and differential diagnosis.
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Introdução: O IHEBE é um serviço de hemoterapia privado, localizado em Belém/Pará, responsável pela cobertura transfusional de 21 hospitais e clínicas da região metropolitana, incluindo os municípios de Belém e Ananindeua. Possui 6 Agências Transfusionais sediadas em hospitais-âncora e 1 Agência Transfusional extra-hospitalar responsável pelo atendimento das demais instituições atendidas pelo IHEBE. Recebe média de 15.500 doações anuais e realiza em torno de 22.000 transfusões/ano. Objetivo: Verificar as estratégias adotadas para gestão do estoque de componentes sanguíneos do IHEBE. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, realizado no IHEBE no período de 01/01/2021 a 31/06/2021. Foram selecionados todos os doadores considerados aptos que compareceram ao IHEBE neste período e todas as transfusões de concentrado de hemácias realizadas neste intervalo de tempo. Para fornecimento dos dados sobre a entrada de doações utilizou-se o relatório emitido pelo sistema informatizado de gerenciamento de banco de sangue RealBlood, versão 10.0.17763.0. Os demais dados foram obtidos através de um aplicativo de mensagens instantâneas no qual os supervisores das agências transfusionais comunicam o fornecimento dos componentes sanguíneos e sinalizam as validades das bolsas com previsão de vencimento no intervalo 10 dias, favorecendo troca destas unidades entre os hospitais, visando redução do descarte, racionalização do estoque e a captação de tipos sanguíneos específicos, garantindo a manutenção da rastreabilidade. Todos os dados foram tabulados em planilhas do programa Microsoft Office Excel 2013 para análise. Resultados: Dos 7.733 doadores que compareceram neste período, doaram em janeiro 1.494, fevereiro 1.004, março 1.266, abril 1,435, maio 1.430 e junho 1.104. Dos 6.165 doadores considerados aptos, foram transfundidos 6.918 concentrados de hemácias, sendo em janeiro 65% (n = 967), fevereiro -14% (n = 1.149), março 91% (n = 1.148), abril 99% (n = 1,427), maio 77% (n = 1.108) e junho 101% (n = 1.119). Discussão: Analisando a variação percentual de doações e transfusões, observa-se em janeiro excedente de 35% sobre o estoque de componentes sanguíneos, pois a equipe de captação manteve sua rotina no mês que ocorreu queda transfusional devido pandemia por Coronavírus. No mês de fevereiro a gestão estratégica sinalizou o evento excedente e sugeriu a limitação na busca de doadores, sendo então transfundido -14% do estoque, melhorando o status gerencial. Nos meses seguintes com a monitorização do fornecimento de componentes sanguíneos e a orientação para o serviço de captação observou-se equilíbrio de entrada e saída dos componentes sanguíneos, mantendo o estoque mínimo necessário para os meses subsequentes. Conclusão: Apesar da criticidade do estoque de componentes sanguíneos normalmente encontrada em Serviço de Hemoterapia, neste estudo foi observado que a gestão estratégica baseada na análise da tríade: controle da entrada de doações, monitorização do fornecimento de componentes sanguíneos e mecanismo de sinalização sobre a validade destas unidades, foi eficaz para a manutenção regular do nível do estoque e redução do descarte.